bherǝĝ -, bhrēĝ -

    bherǝĝ -, bhrēĝ -

    English meaning: to shine; white, *ash wood, ashen, birch tree, elm

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “glänzen, weiß”

    Note: equivalent with bherē̆ k̂ -, s. d. the groups bhereĝ-, bherek̂- shine, appear, seem to be extensions to bher- “bright, brown”. Similar to extension bheleg- besides bhel- ‘shine”.

    Material: O.Ind. bhrüjatē “glares, gleams, shines”; O.Pers. brüzaiti ds. (*bhrēĝ ō), Pers. barüzīdan ‘shine”, barüz “jewellery”; Bal.-Slav. *brēsk- from bhrēg-sk- in Lith. bre ́kšta, bre ́ško, bre ́kšti “break, (dawn), (from the day)”, apūbrėškis “ time around daybreak “; Slov. brę̂sk, Cz. břesk, Pol. brzask “daybreak, dawn”, Pol. obrzasknąć “ become bright “, brzeszczy się “it dawns, the day breaks “, with Assimil. of auslauts -sk- to the sounding word anlaut O.C.S. pobrězgъ “dawn, twilight, daybreak”, Russ. brezg, Pol. brzazg ds. With gradation bh(e)rōĝ - probably Swe. brokig “varicolored”, Nor. dial. brōk “ a young salmon with transverse bands ( “, also as brōka f. “ large-scale mottled animal “. With lengthened grade the 1. syllable: Goth. baírhts “bright, gleaming, distinct”, O.H.G. beraht, M.H.G. berht “gleaming” (also in names O.H.G. Bert-, -bert, -brecht), O.E. beorht “gleaming, radiating” (Eng. bright), O.Ice. biartr “light, bright”; Welsh berth “gleaming, beautiful”, PN Bret. Berth-walart, Ir. Flaith-bertach; Lith. javaĩ béršt “ the grain becomes white “; probably also Nor. dial. bjerk “very bright” (compare noch berk “ white trout “, Swe. björkna “Abramis blicca”). reduction grade Alb. barth (bardh-i) “ white “ (*bhǝrǝĝ o-).

    Note: Common Alb. -ĝ- > -dh- phonetic mutation Illyr. Bardhylus “Illyrian king” a compound of Illyr. barth (*bherĝ-) “white” + Illyr. hyllus ‘sun, star”. In names of the birch (Slav. partly elm, Lat. ash tree ): O.Ind. bhūrjá -ḥ m. “a kind of birch”; Osset. bärz “birch”; dak. PN Bersovia; Lat. farnus “ash tree”(*fár[a]g-s-no-s, originally stuff adj. “ashen”, as well as:) früxinus ds. (to begin probably with ü, *bherǝĝ -s-enós); twofold development of -erǝ- in farnus and früxinus would be caused by old accent difference as in palma = Gk. *πάλαμᾱ, παλάμη compared with lütus = τλητός; Maybe Alb.Gheg frashën “ash-tree” : Lat. früxinus “ash-tree”; O.H.G. birihha (*bherǝĝ -i̯ü), O.E. beorc, birce, O.Ice. bjǫrk (*bherǝĝ ü) “birch”; Lith. béržas m., pl. béržai “birch”, ablaut. bìržtva f. “ birch forest “; bir̃žliai “ birch twigs “, Ltv. bęr̃zs m., O.Pruss. berse “birch”; Russ. berëza, Ser.-Cr. brȅza, аčеch. břieza “birch” (the old color meaning still in Bulg. brěz “ white spotted “ = Nor. bjørk s. о., Slov. brę́za “name of a white spotted cow or nanny goat”); Maybe Alb. brez ‘stripe” with formants -to- (= Goth. baírhts) and intonation change Slav. *berstъ in Russ. bérest m. “elm, framework “, Ser.-Cr. brȉjest, Cz. brě st ds., but with the meaning “birch” against Russ. berësta f., berësto n. “ birch bark “, Cz. břesta “ upper birch bark “. O.H.G. -brecht could, if this vocalization instead of -ber(h)t not a innovation is, are applied to bherek̂-, as also in Goth. baírhts, Welsh berth, Hitt. parkuiš.

    References: WP. II 170 f., WH. I 458, 510 f., 544, Trautmann 32, 37 f., Specht Decl. 57.